Shale: A home remedy for India's gas probllem

Taking a cue from the US, India is seriously looking at the unconventional shale gas, which, if successful, could mean a substantial improvement in the country’s energy outlook within the next few years. The government is gearing up with policy guidelines for shale gas exploitation and auction shale gas blocks within the next two years, even as various E&P players are moving ahead with their pilot projects. ONGC has tied up with Schlumberger for a pilot project in Damodar valley at a capital cost of Rs 128 crore. Similarly, Oil India has initiated a project in Assam, while Reliance Industries is active in Cambay basin. 

However, the project timelines are not short. ONGC, which has been researching shale gas in India since 2006, is expected to spend the next two years gathering geological data in its Damodar valley field, followed by drilling and resource estimation by 2013. In 2014 the company will be able to assess the feasibility and consider production from this pilot project. 

While state-owned players are trying to source shale gas technologies from foreign players, Reliance Industries has chosen to learn the trade by working on live projects. RIL has agreed to invest over $3.1 billion in two separate deals over the next four years to garner 3,08,000 acres of shale in the US. 

Shale is a common rock found across the world and the petroleum explorers are well aware of hydrocarbon deposits trapped in it for a long time. But its exploitation was considered impossible due to the solid nature of shale that prevented hydrocarbons to flow up. With development of newer drilling techniques in the past few years, it has become possible to tap this energy reserve. 

The US is today witnessing excessive availability of natural gas, which is depressing its imports, increasing its inventories and pressurising prices. 

A number of Indian sedimentary basins, including the hydrocarbon bearing ones — Cambay, Assam and Damodar — are bestowed with thick sequences of shale. Though not all shales are good candidates for shale gas exploration, substantial potential for gas from shale is expected from these basins. 

ONGC informed that parameters like productive shale volumes, gas content, thermal maturity, type and amount of organic matter, lithology & extent, mineralogy and saturation, need to be assessed before shale formation can be considered promising. While learning the technology to exploit these shale gas reserves is a key hurdle, lack of transporting and storage infrastructure for natural gas and policy framework are other impediments. The entire shale gas exploitation process also carries a number of environmental risks which need to be addressed for sustainable growth. 

Although it is too early, India’s ability to successfully exploit shale gas could go a long way in supporting its future growth. A home-grown remedy to domestic energy needs could indeed be the key in sustaining economic growth and strengthen India’s position in global economics.